How do Genes and Environment cause Autism?

Available evidence points to synaptic formational and functional abnormalities as a possible common pathway in the etiology of autism. The pivotal role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in this process could explain most known risk factors for autism. DHA supplies are limited by risk factors including male gender, certain lipid metabolism gene defects, unsupplemented baby formula and some breast milk, emigration from seashores, prematurity, multiplicity, gestational diabetes, maternal smoking, and oxidative stress. Hundreds of genes are associated with autism but none have sizable effects and most of them are either related to lipid metabolism and/or synaptic membrane issues. A significant number of autistic children may not even have a genetic influence other than gender. The gender difference may be secondary to hormonally regulated DHA production issues. Diet and/or supplementation of nutrients like DHA may be helpful in preventing ASD.